علـي بـن أبي طـالـب - رابـع الخـلفـاء الـراشـــديـن
علي
بن
أبي
طالب
رابع
الخلفاء
الراشدين
^Aliyy Ibn Abi Talib the Forth
Rightly Guided Caliph
Died (40H) at 60 years of age
اْلحَمْدُ
للهِ
رَبِّ
الْعَاَلمِينَ
الرَّحْمن
الرَّحِيم
مَالِكِ
يَوِْم
الدِّين
والعاقِبَةُ
للمُتقين
ولا عدوان
إلا
على
الظالمين،
والصلاة
والسلام
على
سيدنا
محمد،
سيد
الأولين
والآخرين وحبيب
رَبِّ
العالمين
من
أرسله
ربه
رحمة
للعالمين
ومن
هو
شفيع
المذنبين
يوم
الدِّين، وعلى
ءاله
وصحبه
الطيبين
الطاهرين.
وبعد
فيقول
الله
عَزَّ
وجَلَّ:
﴿
مِنَ
اُلمؤمِِنينَ
رِجَالٌ
صَدَُقوْا
مَا
عَاهَدوُْا
اللهَ
عَلَيهِ
َفمِنهُم
مَنْ
َقضَى
نَحْبَهُ
وَمِنهُم
مَّنْ
يَنتَظِرُ
.وَمَا
بَدَّلُوْا
تَبدِيلا﴾
الأحزاب/
٢٣
وأما
بعد
فهذا
ذكر
سيرة
عطرة
من
سيرة
أحد
الخلفاء
الراشدين
والأئمة
المهديين
وأمراء
المؤمنين
ورثة
خير
المرسلين،
سيرة
سيدنا
علي
بن
أبي
طالب
رضي
الله
عنه،
الذي
كانت
مدة
خلافته
أربع
سنين
وتسعة
أشهر،
من
سنة
خمس
وثلاثين،
من
يوم
وفاة
عثمان
رضي
الله
عنه.
Praise be to Allah, and may
Allah increase the honor and raise the rank of
our Master Muhammad sallallahu ^alayhi wa sallam.
Allah the Exalted said in the Qur’an:
﴿
مِنَ
اُلمؤمِِنينَ
رِجَالٌ
صَدَُقوْا
مَا
عَاهَدوُْا
اللهَ
عَلَيهِ
َفمِنهُم
مَنْ
َقضَى
نَحْبَهُ
وَمِنهُم
مَّنْ
يَنتَظِرُ
وَمَا
بَدَّلوْا
تَبدِيلا﴾
Verse 23 of Surat-ul-Ahzab
means: “There are men among the
believers, who were honest in
the oath they made to Allah, some have died
and some are still waiting to follow the same path,
and they never changed their oath.”
Thereafter, this is an
aromatized life story of one of the: Pious and
just caliphs, the guided imams, the Amirs of the Believers,
heirs of the knowledge of the best Messenger; it is the life
story of our Master ^Aliyy Ibn Abi Talib may
Allah raise his rank.
His Caliphate lasted four years
and nine months from 35 AH from the day when ^Uthman
may Allah raise his rank had died.
نسبه
وكنيته:
هو
سيدنا
أبو
الحسن
علي
بن
أبي
طالب
بن
عبد
المطلب
بن
هاشم
بن
عبد
مناف،
ابن
عم
رسول
الله
صلى
الله
عليه
وسلم
وصهره،
وأبو
السبطين
الحسن
والحسين
سيدي
شباب
أهل
الجنة،
وأول
من
أسلم
من
الصبيان
علم
من
أعلام
الدين
ومن
أبرز
اﻟﻤﺠاهدين
والشجعان
وقدوة
للزاهدين،
ومن
أشهر
الخطباء
والمفوهين،
والعلماء
العاملين،
أمه
فاطمة
بنت
أسد
بن
هاشم.
وُلد
قبل
البعثة
بعشر
سنين،
وتربى
في
حجر
النبي
محمد
صلى
الله
عليه
وسلم
وفي
بيته،
وكان
يُلقبُ
بحيدرَة
تشبيهًا
له
بالأسدِ
وقيل
إن
أمه
هي
التي
سمته
حيدرة.
He is our Master Abu al-Hasan ^Aliyy
Ibn Abi Talib, the son of Hashim, the son of ^Abdu
Manaf, the cousin of the Messenger of Allah
sallallahu ^alayhi wa sallam, and the father of the
grandsons al-Hasan and al-Husayn; the masters of the youth of
Paradise.
He was the first boy to embrace
Islam, among the most prominent figures of the
Religion; and among the most distinguished
mujahidin and courageous people. He was a good
example of those who are detached from the worldly interests,
and among the famous speakers and pious scholars.
His mother is Fatimah Bint Asad,
the son of Hashim. He was born ten years
before Prophet Muhammad sallallahu ^ alayhi wa
sallam received Revelation, and was raised at the house of the
Prophet. The name that he was known by was Haydarah,
likening him to a lion and it was said that his mother gave him
this name.
وأما
تسميته
بأبي
تراب،
فإن
رسول
الله
صلى
الله
عليه
وسلم
هو
الذي
سمّاه
أبا
تراب
ولهذه
التسمية
قصة
وهي
أنّ
الرسول
صلى
الله
عليه
وسلم
دخل
على
فاطمة
فسألها
عن
علي:"
أين
ابن
عمك"،
قالت:
هو
ذاك
مضطجع
في
المسجد،
فجاءه
رسول
الله
فوجده
قد
سقط
رداؤه
عن
ظهره،
فجعل
يمسح
التراب
عن
ظهره
ويقول:اجلس
أبا
تراب،
فوالله
ما
سمّاه
به
إلا
رسول
الله،
ووالله
ما
كان
له
اسم
أحبّ
إليه
منه.
Prophet Muhammad sallallahu
^alayhi wa sallam gave him the title of Abu
Turab. The story behind this name is notable.
The Messenger of Allah sallallahu ^alayhi wa
sallam came to Fatimah (^Aliyy’s wife) asking
for ^Aliyy. She told him that he was lying down in the
mosque. The Prophet went to him and found that his dress had
dropped off his back revealing the earth soil on ^Aliyy’s back.
As the Prophet started to brush
the earth soil (turab) off ^Aliyy’s back he
said to him: “Sit up Abu Turab.” Fatimah said: “I swear
by Allah that no had called him by this name except for the
Messenger of Allah, and I swear by Allah that it was the most
beloved name to him.”
وصفه:
كان
رضي
الله
عنه
رجلا
رَبْعًة
ءادم
اللون،
أصلع
الرأس،
ضخم
البطن،
ضخم
مُشاشة
المنكب،
ضخم
عضلة
الذراع
دقيق
مستدقه،
حسن
الوجه
ضخم
عضلة
الساق
دقيق
مستدقها
عظيم
العينين
أدعجهما
ورؤي
على
عينيه
أثر
الكحل
شثن
الكفين
كثير
الشعر
ضحوك
السن
من
أشجع
الصحابة
وأعلمهم
في
القضاء
ومن
أزهدهم
في
الدنيا
لم
يسجد
لصنم
قط،
ما
صارع
أحدًا
إلا
صرعه
شجاعًا
منصورًا
على
من
لاقاه.
^Aliyy is described as being
almost average in height. He was bald with a
few fine hairs and fair complexion. He had black
wide eyes with traces of kuhl and always had a smile on his face.
He had a sizable belly and had
broad shoulders and body. He had bulky biceps
and triceps on both his upper arms and thighs, with
thinner forearms and shins. He had thick palms and a hairy body.
^Aliyy was one of the bravest
Companions, deeply rooted in the knowledge of
the Religion and deducing judgment and was one
of the most disinterested in this life. He never prostrated to an
idol and won every challenge and was victorious in all his
confrontations.
وقد
روي
أن
معاوية
قال
لضرار
الصدائي
:صف
لي
عليًا،
فقال
:أعفني،
قال
:لتصَِفنَّه.
قال
:إذ
لا
بد
من
وصفه،
كان
والله
بعيد
المدى،
شديد
القوى،
يقول
فص
ً
لا،
ويحكم
عدًلا،
يتفجّر
العلم
من
جوانبه،
وتنطق
الحكمة
من
نواحيه،
يستوحش
من
الدنيا
وزهرﺗﻬا،
ويأنس
إلى
الليل
ووحشته،
وكان
غزير
العبرة،
طويل
الفكرة،
كان
فينا
كأحدنا،
يجيبنا
إذا
سألناه،
ونحن
من
تقريبه
إيّانا
وقربه
منا
لا
نكاد
نكلمه
هيبة
له.
يعظّم
أهل
الدِّين،
ويقرّب
المساكين،
ولا
يطمع
القوي
في
باطله،
ولا
ييأس
الضعيف
من
عدله،
وأشهد
لقد
رأيته
في
بعض
مواقفه،
وقد
أرخى
الليل
سدوله
وغارت
نجومه،
قابضًا
على
لحيته
ويتململ
تململ
السقيم،
ويبكي
بكاء
الحزين،
ويقول
يا
دنيا
غري
غيري،
إليّ
تعرضت،
أم
إليّ
تشوفت؟
هيهات
قد
طلقتك
ثلاًثا
لا
رجعة
فيها،
فعمرك
قصير،
وخطرك
قليل.
ءاه
ءاه
من
قلة
الزاد
وبعد
السفر
ووحشة
الطريق،
فبكى
معاوية
وقال:
رحم
الله
أبا
حسن،
كان
والله
كذلك،
فكيف
حزنك
عليه
يا
ضرار؟
قال:
حزن
من
ذبح
واحدها
في
حجرها.
It was mentioned that one day
Mu^awiyyah asked Darrar as-Sada’iyy to
describe ^Aliyy for him, to which Darrar replied,
“pardon me from this”. Mu^awiyyah insisted saying, “you shall
describe him to me”. Darrar said, “if I can not escape this then,
by Allah he had a distant vision of things, he was very strong
and his speech was determent. He was fair and just. His
knowledge was extensive and his wisdom was great. He was
indifferent to this world but found restitution in the loneliness
caused by nightfall. His speech was full of morals and good
example and he was a ponderous. He answered us
when we inquired and made us feel close
to him. Despite this closeness our high regard
of him left us in gravity of chatting with him. He
used to honor the men and women of Religion and stay close to
the needy.
^Aliyy never enticed the
powerful oppressor by lending his support and
never discouraged the powerless oppressed by
holding back his aid. Allah is my witness, I once
saw ^Aliyy in one of his exceptional moments when after
nightfall ^Aliyy was standing under the pitch black sky freckled
with the glitter of stars, with a grip on his beard; he was
swaying to the rhythm of the ailing. He was
weeping the tears of the mourning and was
crying out: “You life, lure other than me. To
me, you dispose yourself? Or to me, you expose your
temptations? Not a chance, for I have divorced you three times
cutting off my return to you. Your existence is short and your
virtues are few. I am ailing for not having more good deeds and
for my long distance from Paradise and for the loneliness of the
journey to it.” To this Mu^awiyyah wept and he said, “May
Allah have mercy upon Aba Hasan (meaning ^Aliyy), by Allah
he was truly as you described. How much did you mourn his
death, oh Darrar?” He replied “As extreme as the mourning of a
mother who witnessed in her own home the murder of her only
son.”
لباسه:
عن
خالد
بن
أمية
قال:
رأيت
عليًا
وقد
لحق
إزاره
بركبتيه
وعن
عبد
الله
بن
أبي
الهذيل
قال:
رأيت
عليًا
عليه
قميص
رازيّ،
إذا
مدّ
كمه
بلغ
الظفر،
فإذا
أرخاه
بلغ
نصف
ساعده.
Khalid Ibn Ummayah said: I saw
^Aliyy and his izar (loincloth, a dress rapped
around the bottom part of the body) had reached
his knees.
^Abdullah Ibn al-Hudhayl said: I
saw ^Aliyy wearing an extremely loose-fitting
shirt. If he extended the full sleeve it would
reach his finger nail, and if he raised his arm, it would
reach the middle of his forearm.
وكان
يلبس
إزارًا
مرفوعًا،
فقيل
له،
فقال:
يُخشّعُ
القلب
ويقتدي
به
المؤمن،
ورؤي
رضي
الله
عنه
وعليه
إزار
إلى
نصف
الساق،
ورداء
مشمّر
قريب
منه
ومعه
دِّرّة
له
يمشي
ﺑﻬا
في
الأسواق
ويأمرهم
بتقوى
الله
وحسن
البيع
ويقول:
أوفوا
الكيل
والميزان،
ويقول:
لا
تنفخوا
اللحم.
He used to dress a lifted
loincloth (izar) <it was showing some of his
legs>, they spoke about that to him, he said: “This makes the
heart fear
Allah and this is what the believer should take heed
of.”
Also, he was seen with a
loincloth (izar) which was up to the middle of
his legs, and a dress which was lifted to that level too.
He had with him a staff to help him in walking in the markets, he
was ordering them to be God-fearing and to sell things lawfully,
he was saying to them: “Measure and weigh justly.” He was
also saying to them: “Do not inflate the
meat.”
وكان
يتعصب
بعصابة
سوداء.
ويلبس
عمامة
سوداء،
وقبله
حبيبنا
محمد
عليه
الصلاة
والسلام
لبس
يوم
فتح
مكة
عمامة
سوداء
أرخى
عذبتها
بين
كتفيه
الشريفين
.وكان
سيدنا
علي
يتختم
في
يساره،
وكان
نقش
خاتمه
"مُحَمَّدٌ
رسوُل
الله"
ونقش
على
خاتمه
أيضًا
"
لِلَّهِ
اُلملك".
He used to wear a black
head-band and a black turban, before him our
Prophet Muhammad sallallahu ^alayhi wa sallam wore a
black turban on his head on the day when Makkah was opened;
he loosened its two ends on his honored shoulders.
Master ^Aliyy used to wear the
ring in his left hand, it wasengraved with “Muhammadur-Rasulullah” it
means: “Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”
His ring was engraved also with “Lillahi-l-Mulk” it means:
“The Dominion belongs to Allah.”
زهده
وتقشفه
وورعه:
روي
عن
عمار
بن
ياسر
رضي
الله
عنه
قال:
قال:
رسول
الله
لعلي:
"
إنَّ
الله
قد
زيّنك
بزينة
لم
يزين
العباد
بزينة
أحبَّ
منها،
هي
زينة
الأبرار
عند
الله،
الزهد
في
الدنيا.
فجعلك
لا
ترزأ
من
الدنيا)
أي
لا
يصيب
من
الدنيا
(ولا
ترزأ
الدنيا
منك
شيًئا،
ووصب
لك
المساكين)
أي
أدام
لك
المساكين
(فجعلك
ترضى
ﺑﻬم
أتباعًا
ويرضون
بك
إمامًا".
It was narrated that ^Ammar Ibn
Yasir, may Allah raise his rank, said: The
Messenger of Allah said to ^Aliyy: “Allah has made
you
decorated with an ornament which the slaves were never
decorated by what is more beloved than it. Allah made you free
of the worldly desires, and made the worldly desires away from
you; and made you a leader of the needy; and made the needy
your followers.”
وجاءه
ابن
التيّاح
فقال:
يا
أمير
المؤمنين
امتلأ
بيت
المال
من
صفراء
وبيضاء
فقال:
الله
أكبر،
فقام
متوكًئا
على
ابن
التيّاح
حتى
قام
على
بيت
المال
وهو
يقول:
يا
صفراء
يا
بيضاء،
ُ
غرّي
غيري،
هاء
وهاء،
حتى
ما
بقي
فيه
دينار
ولا
درهم،
ثم
أمر
بنضحه
وصلى
فيه
ركعتين.
وروي
أنه
دخل
مرة
بيت
المال
فرأى
فيه
شيًئا،
فقال:
لا
أرى
هذه
هنا
وبالناس
حاجة
إليه،
فأمر
به
فُقسّم،
وأمر
بالبيت
فكنس،
ونَضح
فصلى
فيه
أو
نام
فيه.
Ibn at-Tiah came to our Master
^Aliyy and said: O Amir of the Believers Bayt
al-Mal (the state trust) was filled with gold and
silver. He said: Allahu akbar (means Allah is the greatest in
status), He then got up leaning on Ibn at-Tiah until he reached
the place where the state fund was while saying what means:
“O gold and silver lure other than me, take this and take that
<while
giving away the money>.”
He kept on saying that until no
dirham or dinar was left, he then ordered that
they sprinkle it with water and prayed two rak^ahs
in it.
It was also narrated that once
he entered the place of the state fund and
found something in it, he said: I do not want to see this
here while the people are in need of it. He then ordered that it
be distributed amongst those who need it. Then
he ordered the place to be swept, and they
sprinkled it with water; then he prayed in it
or slept in it.
ومما
جاء
عن
زهده
تواضعه
رضي
الله
عنه
أنه
اشترى
مرة
تمرًا
بدرهم
فحمله
في
ملحفته
فقيل
له
:يا
امير
المؤمنين
ألا
نحمله
عنك
فقال:
أبو
العيال
أحق
بحمله
.وعوتب
في
لباسه،
فقال:
مالكم
وللباسي
هذا
هو
ابعد
من
الكبر
وأجدر
أن
يقتدي
به
المسلم.
Master ^Aliyy was very humble in
his manner and in his dress. Once after buying
some dates, some people said to him: “O Amir
of the
Believers we can carry it for you.”
He said: “The father of
the kids is supposed to carry
this for them.” Also
when at one time he was criticized for his
modest dress his reply was: “What
is it to you? My
simple attire keeps me away from arrogance and
that what Muslims should take heed of.”
كراماته:
عن
الأصبغ
قال:
أتينا
مع
عليّ
فمررنا
على
قبر
الحسين
فقال
علي
:ههنا
مناخ
ركائبهم
وههنا
موضع
رحالهم،
وههنا
مهراق
دمائهم،
فتية
من
ءال
محمد
صلى
الله
عليه
وسلم.
Al-Asbagh said: We came with
^Aliyy, we passed by the grave
of al-Husayn (the spot were he
was buried after the death of his father
^Aliyy), ^Aliyy said: Some youth from the family of
Muhammad
sallallahu ^alayhi wa sallam will have their ridding
animals rest here. They will rest from their travel here, and
their blood will be spilled right in here.
وعن
علي
بن
زاذان،
أنَّ
عليًا
حَدَّ
َ
ث
حديُثا
فكذَّبهُ
رجل،
فقال
علي:
أدعو
عليك
إن
كنت
صادًقا،
قال:
نعم،
فدعا
عليه
فلم
ينصرف
حتى
ذهب
بصره.
Another example of ^Aliyy’s
virtues is when Allah answered his
supplication against a belier. ^Aliyy Ibn Zadhan relayed that at
one time someone had belied something which ^Aliyy had said.
To reach the truth of the matter
^Aliyy said to him, “I will supplicate against
you if I’m correct.” The liar said: Yes, so
^Aliyy supplicated against him. The liar was blinded before
leaving the session.
وعن
أبي
ذر
رضي
الله
عنه
قال:
بعثني
رسول
الله
أدعو
عليًا،
فأتيت
بيته
فناديته
فلم
يجبني
فعدت
فاخبرت
رسول
الله
صلى
الله
عليه
وسلم،
فقال
لي:
عد
إليه
ادعه
.قال
:فعدت
أناديه
فسمعت
صوت
رحى
تطحن،
فشارفت
فإذا
الرحى
تطحن
وليس
معها
أحد،
فناديته
فخرج
إلي
منشرحًا،
فقلت
له
:إنَّ
رسول
الله
يدعوك.
فجاء
ثم
لم
أزل
أنظر
إلى
رسول
الله
وينظر
إليّ
.ثم
قال
:يا
أبا
ذر
ما
شأنك،
فقلت
:يا
رسول
الله
عجيب
من
العجب،
رأيت
رحى
تطحن
في
بيت
عليّ،
وليس
معها
أحد
يرحى.
Abi Dhar may Allah raise his
rank said: The Messenger of Allah sent me to
call ^Aliyy to come to him, I went to his house, I
called him; he did not answer me. So I went back and told the
Messenger of Allah sallallahu ^alayhi wa sallam. He said to me:
Go back and call him. Abu Dhar
said: I went back calling him, and I heard the
sound of a hand mill grinding, I proceeded to see
who was there, I saw that the hand mill was grinding by itself,
nobody was there. I called ^Aliyy, he came out delighted and
pleased; I said to him: The Messenger of Allah wants to see you.
He came with me and I kept
looking at the Messenger of Allah and he was
looking at me; then he said: O Aba Dhar, what is the
matter? I said: A wondrous matter, I saw a hand mill grinding at
the house of ^Aliyy by itself with nobody doing the grinding.
ومرة
عرض
لعلي
رجلان
في
الخصومة
فجلس
في
أصل
جدار،
فقال
رجل:
يا
أمير
المؤمنين،
ا
لجدُر
تقع
فقال
علي
:امض
كفى
بالله
حارسًا
.فقضى
بين
الرجلين
وقام
فسقط
الجدار.
One day two adversaries came to
him asking for his judgment between them.
^Aliyy sat leaning against a falling wall listening
to their case. One of them said: “O Amir of the Believers the
wall is about to collapse.” ^Aliyy said: “Allah is the
Protector.” ^Aliyy passed his judgment and
satisfied the inquirers and only after he left
them did the wall come to a crumble.
الأحاديث
الواردة
في
فضله:
ورد
عن
النبي
صلى
الله
عليه
وسلم
أنه
قال:
"
أقضى
ُامتي
علي"،
وعن
عمر
بن
الخطاب
رضي
الله
عنه
قال
:أقضانا
علي
بن
أبي
طالب،
وعن
ابن
مسعود
رضي
الله
عنه
قال
:كنا
نتحدث
َأنَّ
اقضى
أهل
المدينة
علي
بن
أبي
طالب.
It was said that the Messenger
of Allah said sallallahu ^ alayhi wa sallam
said: “^Aliyy is the most knowledgeable one in
deducing
judgment in my nation.”
^Umar Ibn al-Khattab may Allah
raise his rank said: The most
knowledgeable one amongst us
in deducing judgments is ^Aliyy Ibn Abi Talib.
Ibn Mas^ud may Allah raise his rank said:
We used to say that
the most knowledgeable one in deducing
judgments is Madinah was ^Aliyy Ibn Abi Talib.
روى
أحمد
والحاكم
وغيرهما
أن
رسول
الله
صلى
الله
عليه
وسلم
قال
: "
من
سبَّ
عليًا
فقد
سبَّني،
ومن
سبَّني
فقد
سبَّ
الله
"فالذي
يسبًُّ
عليًا
ويبغضه
ولا
يحبه
يكون
فاسًقا
وهذا
تحذير
من
سبَّ
عليَ
.و
معنى
)
فقد
سبَّني
:(كأنه
سبَّني.
Ahmad, al-Hakim, and other than
them related that the Messenger of Allah
sallallahu ^alayhi wa sallam said what
means: “He who cusses ^Aliyy has cussed me, and he who
cusses me
has cussed Allah.” It
means that he who cusses ^Aliyy has committed
a big sin. The Prophet assimilated the cussing
of ^Aliyy to that of himself to illustrate its abhorrence.
This is a warning about cussing ^Aliyy.
وقد
روى
مسلم
وغيره
أنَّ
سيدنا
علي
قال:
إنه
لعهد
النبي
الأميَ
إليَّ
أن
لا
يحبني
إلا
مؤمن
ولا
يبغضني
إلا
منافق
.فإذا
كان
سباب
المسلم
فسوًقا
فكيف
بمن
يسب
عليًا
عليه
السلام.
Muslim, and other than him
related that our Master ^Aliyy said: “The
Prophet who did not read or write committed to me, and
he is
truthful in his commitment, that only a Muslim would love
me and only a hypocrite would hate me.”
So if cussing the Muslim is a
sin, so how about the one who cusses ^Aliyy
peace be upon him.
وفي
يوم
خيبر
قال
رسول
الله
صلى
الله
عليه
وسلم
" :لأعطين
هذه
الراية
رجلا
يحب
الله
ورسوله
ويحبه
الله
ورسوله
يفتح
الله
على
يديه
" .قال
عمر
بن
الخطاب
:ما
أحببت
الإمارة
إلا
يومئذ،
فتساورت
لها
رجاء
أن
ُأدعى
لها،
فدعا
علي
بن
ابي
طالب
فأعطاه
إياها.
Among his virtues also is that
the Messenger of Allah said on the day of
Khaybar: “I will give the flag to a man who loves
Allah and
His Messenger, and whom Allah and His Messenger
love, Allah would facilitate victory for him.”
^Umar Ibn al- Khattab said: “Before hearing
this from the Prophet leadership
never appealed to me, but now
I wish it upon myself.”
However, the Messenger of Allah called on
^Aliyy and gave him the flag.
وكان
علي
كرم
الله
وجهه
لا
يجد
حرًا
ولا
بردًا
بعد
ان
دعا
الرسول
له
قائلاً:
"
اللَّهُمَّ
اكفه أذى
الحر
والبرد
".
فكان
رضي
الله
يخرج
في
البرد
في
الملائتين
ويخرج
في
الحر
في
الخشن والثوب
الغليظ
.أخرجه
النسائي
في
خصائص
أمير
المؤمنين.
ويكفيه
فض
ً
لا
أيضًا
حديث:
"
أنا مدينة
العلم
وعليٌ
بابها
".وأيضًا
شرف
أنه
أول
u1605
من
اسلم
من
الصبيان،
وفضل
أنه
نزل
قبر النبي
صلى
الله
عليه
وسلم
لما
مات
ليواريه
وشارك
في
غسله،
وغير
ذلك
من
المناقب والفضائل
والصفات
الحميدة،
والأخلاق
الحسنة،
وأنه
مبشر
بالجنة
من
رسول
الله
صلى
الله عليه
وسلم.
The Messenger of Allah made a
supplication for him asking Allah to protect him from the extreme hot
and extreme cold weather. Allah answered his supplication. As a result
^Aliyy may Allah raise his rank used to wear heavy warm clothes in hot
temperatures and very light clothes in cold temperatures and would never
be affected by that. This was related by an-Nasa’iyy in “Khasa’is
(characteristics) of the Amir of the Believers (^Aliyy).
The Prophet sallallahu ^alayhi
wa sallam said about ^Aliyy to show his high rank and virtue: “I am
the city of knowledge and
^Aliyy is its door.”
He got also the honor of being
the first boy to embrace Islam, and that he was one of those who went
down in the grave of the Prophet to bury him and he took part in washing
him, sallallahu ^alayhi wa sallam. Beside many other merits and virtues,
and praised traits, and that he was one of those whom the Prophet
sallallahu ^alayhi wa sallam passed them the good news that they will be
in Paradise.
شجاعته
في
الجهاد:
شهد
رضي
الله
عنه
الغزوات
مع
رسول
الله
صلى
الله
عليه
وسلم،
فكان
له
فيها
شأن عظيم،
وأظهر
شجاعة
عجيبة،
وأعطاه
الرسول
اللواء
في
مواطن
كثيرة،
فلما
غزا
رسول الله
كزز
بن
جابر
الفهري)
غزوة
بدر
الأولى(،
أعطاه
لواءه
الأبيض،
وفي
غزوة
بدر الكبرى،
كان
أمام
رسول
الله
رايتان
سوداوان،
إحداهما
مع
علي
يقال
لها
العقاب،
والأخرى مع
بعض
الأنصار،
وأمره
رسول
الله
أن
يبارز
في
هذه
الغزوة
الوليد
بن
عتبة،
فبارزه
عليّ وقتله.
He participated in the battles
with the Messenger of Allah sallallahu ^alayhi wa sallam, he showed a
notable and distinguished bravery in them. The Prophet gave him the flag
in many events, when the Messenger of Allah invaded Kazaz the son of
Jabir al-Fihriyy (the First Battle of Badr), he gave his white flag to
^Aliyy.
In the Major Battle of Badr, the
Prophet had two black flags, one of them was with ^Aliyy; it was called
al-^Iqab; the other one was with some of the Ansar. The Messenger of
Allah sallallahu ^alayhi wa sallam ordered him to duel with al-Walid Ibn
^Utbah, ^Aliyy did and killed him.
وفي
غزوة
أحد
قتل
سيدنا
علي
ثلاثة
من
اصحاب
الألوية
ورءوسًا
كبيرة
عرفت بعدائها
للإسلام
وكان
وقتها
في
عنفوان
شبابه
ممتلًئا
قوًة
ونشاطاً
وإيمانًا.
In the battle of Uhud while he
was still young and energetic, our Master ^Aliyy killed three of the
brigades commanders and other leaders, who were renowned for their
animosity to Islam.
وفي
غزوة
الخندق
لما
أقحم
بعض
المشركين
خيلهم
وأقبلت
الفرسان
تعنق
نحوهم، ومنهم
عمرو
بن
عبد
ود،
وكان
من
أقوياء
العرب
المشهورين
وكان
وقتئذ
كبير
السن، فلما
وقف
هو
وخيله،
قال
له
سيدنا
علي
:أدعوكَ
إلى
الله
وإلى
رسوله
وإلى
الإسلام
.
قال
:لا
حاجة
لي
بذلك،
فقال:
فإني
أدعوكَ
إلى
النزال
قال
:ولم
يا
ابن
أخي؟
فوالله
ما أحب
أن
أقتلك.
قال
علي
:ولكني
والله
أحب
أن
أقتلك،
فحمي
عمرو
عند
ذلك، فاقتحم
عن
فرسه
فعقره
ثم
أقبل
على
عليّ
فتنازلا
وتجادلا
فقتله
عليّ
رضي
الله
عنه، وخرجت
خيله
منهزمة
وهذه
شجاعة
نادرة
من
أبي
الحسن.
In the battle of al-Khandaq
while the blasphemers were advancing on their horses towards the Muslims
they had with them ^Amru the son of ^Abdi Wad, who was an aging
non-believer and was known to be among the strong Arabs. He stopped with
his horses then ^Aliyy said to him: “I invite you to believe in Allah
and His Messenger and to embrace Islam.”
^Amru answered: “I have no need
for such.” ^Aliyy said: “Then I invite you to a challenge of strength.”
^Amru replied: “Why?
My nephew I swear by Allah that
I don’t like to kill you.”
^Aliyy answered: “I swear by
Allah that I do like to kill you.”
^Amru became enraged and leaped
at ^Aliyy as they both became entangled in a rumble. ^Aliyy killed him
fast and
^Amru’s men left defeated. Such
was ^Aliyy’s bravery; a degree that is rare among other men.
وروى
الطبراني
عن
أحد
الصحابة
أنه
قال:"
خرجنا
مع
علي
بن
ابي
طالب
حين
بعثه
رسول
الله صلى
الله
عليه
وسلم
برايته،
فلم
دنا
من
الحصن
خرج
عليها
أهله
فقاتلهم
فضربه
رجل
من
اليهود فطاح
ترسه
من
يديه،
فتناول
علي
بابًا
كان
عند
الحصن
فتترس
به
عن
نفسه
فلم
يزل
في
يده
وهو يقاتل
حتى
فتح
الله
عليه،
ثم
القاه
من
يده
حين
فرغ
فقد
رأيتني
في
نفر
سبعة
نجهد
على
ان
نقلب ذلك
الباب
فلم
نستطع".
At-Tabaraniyy related that one
of the Companions said: “We were with ^Aliyy Ibn Abi Talib when the
Prophet sallallahu ^alayhi wa sallam sent him with the flag, as we
approached the fort of Khaybar, some people came out to fight him. A
Jewish man hit him with his sword, making his shield fall to the ground.
^Aliyy then pulled a door from the fort and used it as a shield. He kept
on fighting with the door as his shield until Allah granted him victory.
Then he put the door aside. I tried with seven of the Companions to move
it, but we couldn’t.”
وفي
غزوة
حنين
كان
رضي
الله
عنه
ثابتًا
u1605
مع
من
ثبت
من
المسلمين
مع
رسول
الله صلى
الله
عليه
وسلم
كما
ثبت
في
أحد
وغيرها
وكلما
راجعنا
السيّر
والغزوات
وجدنا اسم
عليّ
رضي
الله
عنه
لألاءً
مضيًئا
قضى
عمره
مجاهدًا
مدافعًا
عن
دين
الله
.يفتح
الحصون
المستعصية
ويهدم
الأصنام
إعلاءً
لكلمة
الله
سبحانه
وتعالى.
In the Battle of Hunayn, he was
steadfast with the Muslims who remained steadfast with the Messenger of
Allah sallallahu ^alayhi wa sallam, as he was steadfast in Uhud and
other battles.
Every time we look in the books
of the biographies and life stories, we would find the name of ^Aliyy,
may Allah raise his rank, brightening. He spent his life as a mujahid,
who defended Islam, opens the heavily fortified forts and destroys the
idols in order to make what was revealed by Allah subhanahu wa ta^ala
prevail.
من
أقواله:
كان
لسيدنا
علي
رضي
الله
عنه
أقوال
ومواعظ
كثيرة
منها
أنه
قال"
:إن
أخوف
ما أخاف
إتباع
الهوى
وطول
الأمل،
فأما
إتباع
الهوى
فيصد
عن
الحق،
وأما
طول
الأمل
فينسي الآخرة ".
وقال
أيضًا"
:ارتحلت
الدنيا
وهي
مدبرة
وارتحلت
الآخرة
وهي
مقبلة
ولكل
منها بنون
فكونوا
من
أبناء
الآخرة
ولا
تكونوا
من
أبناء
الدنيا،
اليوم
العمل
ولا
حساب
وغدًا الجزاء
ولا
عمل".
وقال
أيضًا:
"
ما
أكثر
العبر
وأقل
الاعتبار"،
وقوله:
"
ما
أحسن
تواضع
الأغنياء
طلبًا
لما
عند الله،
وأحسن
منه
تيه
الفقراء
على
الأغنياء
اتكالاً
على
الله
سبحانه
وتعالى"،
وقوله:
"
كفاك أدبًا
لنفسك
إجتناب
ما
تكرهه
من
غيرك"،
و
قوله
" :من
نظر
في
عيوب
غيره
فأنكرها
ثم رضيها
لنفسه
فذلك
هو
الأحمق
بعينه".
وقال
أيضًا
رضي
الله
عنه
" :لا
تظنن
بكلمة
خرجت
من
أحد
سوءًا
وأنت
تجد
لها
في
الخير محملا."
Our Master ^Aliyy, may Allah
raise his rank, had many great sayings and preachments among them are
these: “What I fear mostly is to adhere to the desires of the self
and to have much
hope in this life, for following the desires of the self is a barrier
between you and the truth, and having much hope in this life makes you
forget about the hereafter.”
“This world is reaching
closer and closer to its end, and we are
getting closer and closer to the
hereafter, and each dwelling place has its seekers, so be among the
seekers of the hereafter and not among the seekers of this life. Today
is the time for work, and tomorrow is the time for judgment.”
“Things that we should pay
attention to are many, but those
who pay attention to those many
things are few.”
“How beautiful is the
humbleness of the wealthy who seek
goodness of the hereafter. Even
better than this is the chastity Of the poor who abstain from the wealth
of the rich relying on Allah subhanahu wa ta^ala.”
“It’s enough self discipline
if you avoid doing all that you
dislike being done by others.”
“The foolish is he who
criticizes the faults of others and then
accepts them of himself.”
“Do not interpret badly a
word that someone said if you can
find a good interpretation to it.”
وفاته:
وكانت
وفاُة
سيدنا
عليّ
رضيَ
الله
عنه
لإحدى
وعشرينَ
من
شهر
رمضان
سنَة
أربعينَ عندما
خرج
إلى
صلاة
الصبح
فوثب
أحد
الخوارج
واسمُه
عبدُ
الرحم
ِ
ن
بنُ
ملجم
المراديّ وضربه
بالسيف
في
جبهته
فتوفي
شهيدًا
سعيدًا
مُبشرًا
بالجنة
ونعيمها،
وعمره
ستون
سنة، وكانت
خلافته
أربع
سنوات
و
تسعة
شهور،
رضي
الله
عنه
وكرم
وجهه
وغفر
لنا
بجاهه وحشرنا
معه
ومع
الشهداء
والصدّيقين
والصالحين
وحسن
أولئك
رفيًقا.
The death of our Master ^Aliyy
may Allah raise his rank occurred on the 21st of Ramadan in 40 AH. One
of the Khawarij sect, ^Abdur-Rahman Ibn Miljim al-Muradiyy leaped and
hit the forehead of our Master ^Aliyy with the sword when he went out to
pray Subh (Dawn Paryer). He died a proud and happy martyr at the age of
sixty having got already the good news that he will be in Paradise. His
Caliphate lasted four years and nine months may Allah raise his rank,
and forgive our sins by the virtue of our Master ^Aliyy Ibn Abi Talib;
and make us assembled with the martyrs; highly ranked righteous people,
and what a great company that would be.
والحمد
لله
رب
العالمين.
And all praise is to Allah.
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